Navigating Seasonal Affective Disorder in Seniors
By Arlene Schiff

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, most commonly during the fall and winter months when daylight hours decrease. While often associated with younger populations, seniors are not immune to the impacts of SAD. In fact, older adults are more vulnerable to the changes of the seasons and may be more likely to experience seasonal depression. Seniors face unique challenges and considerations when dealing with this seasonal mood disorder. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and vitamin D deficiency can have damaging effects on older adults’ physical and mental health. Let’s explore its symptoms, causes, and strategies for support.

Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder

Prevalence and Risk Factors:
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, SAD is more prevalent in women and individuals living further from the equator, where the sun is not as strong or constant. People with pre-existing mental health disorders, such as anxiety, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder, are more prone to experiencing the "winter blues."

Distinguishing SAD from General Depression:
Unlike general depression, SAD occurs only during specific times of the year, with a notable increase in symptoms during fall and winter. A decline in the amount of daylight during fall and winter affects circadian rhythms and causes hormonal changes that lead to depressive symptoms in people with SAD.

Age-Related Factors:
Seniors face unique challenges, including changes in health, mobility limitations, and social isolation, which can contribute to the development or exacerbation of SAD. For those not wanting or are not able to go outside, this is particularly impactful, especially those who live in areas prone to ice and snow. As the weather gradually gets colder and the days get shorter, people affected by winter-induced SAD will generally begin to feel the symptoms of depression.

Symptoms in Seniors:
Seniors experiencing SAD may exhibit persistent sadness, loss of interest in socializing and activities, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, alterations in appetite, and irritability. Physical symptoms and cognitive difficulties can be more pronounced in older adults.

Causes of SAD:
The specific cause of SAD is unknown, but some factors are the effect on your circadian rhythms. The decrease in sunlight may disrupt your body’s internal clock. Your serotonin levels drop which affects your mood. Seasonal changes affect the balance of melatonin in your body, which affects sleep patterns and mood. Less sunlight and not getting enough Vitamin D will also increase your risk of SAD.

Strategies for Support

Light therapy, or phototherapy, involves exposure to a bright light that mimics natural sunlight. This therapy can be particularly beneficial for seniors who may spend more time indoors. Seniors should consult with their healthcare provider before starting light therapy to ensure it is a safe and suitable option for them.

Regular physical activity has been shown to have positive effects on mood and can help alleviate symptoms of depression, including SAD. Exercise can relieve stress and anxiety. Getting fit can make yourself feel better and lift your mood.

Encourage seniors to engage in indoor exercises, such as yoga or chair exercises, and explore community programs tailored to their age group. Take a long walk, spend some time outside.

Maintain Social Connections. Social isolation can exacerbate symptoms of SAD. Encouraging seniors to stay connected with friends and family, either in person or through virtual means, can provide emotional support. Community centers often offer social activities for seniors, providing opportunities for interaction and engagement.

Utilize Healthy Lifestyle Choices. A well-balanced diet and proper nutrition play a crucial role in mental health. Encourage seniors to maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Adequate hydration is also essential, as dehydration can contribute to feelings of fatigue and lethargy.

Try to normalize your sleep patterns. If you can, reduce or eliminate naps and oversleeping.

Seek Professional Support. If symptoms persist or worsen, seeking professional help is crucial. Mental health professionals can provide tailored interventions, including psychotherapy and medication if necessary.

Regular check-ins with healthcare providers can help monitor and address any physical or mental health concerns. To help diagnose SAD an evaluation may include a physical exam, blood and urine tests, or thyroid testing. Psychological evaluation will ask about your symptoms, thoughts, feelings, and changes in behavior to check for depression.

Seasonal Affective Disorder can affect individuals of all ages, including seniors. Recognizing the unique challenges faced by older adults and implementing targeted strategies for support can significantly improve their well-being during the fall and winter months. By combining lifestyle adjustments, social connections, and, when needed, professional assistance, seniors can navigate Seasonal Affective Disorder and enjoy a better quality of life throughout the year.